Viral Transport Medium(VTM) consists of Modified Hank’s Balanced Salt Solution supplemented with bovine serum albumin, sucrose, cysteine, gelatin, and glutamic acid. The HEPES buffer protects pathogens that are sensitive to pH changes in the medium. Phenol red is added as a pH indicator. The medium contains cryoprotectants such as sucrose to ensure viability of organisms through freezing and thawing. Antimicrobial agents are incorporated to minimize commensal bacterial and fungal contamination. The medium is isotonic and non-toxic to host cells.
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